NEW YORK LEGAL HELP CENTER - ASBESTOSIS LAWYER

Did you know?

It has been estimated that over 25 million people have been exposed to asbestos in the past 40 years.

Asbestos is a group of silicate fibers with a crystalline structure. These naturally occurring fibers have been mined and used for about the last 100 years with peak use in the 1970's. At that time adverse health effects were widely associated with the use of asbestos. Although asbestos use has drastically declined in the United States, it continues to be used in developing countries. Of importance is the fact that the negative health effects associated with asbestos may take years to develop. Thus, workers exposed years ago and even people within close contact of workers (family members who may inhale asbestos fibers from worker's clothing) may begin to encounter the symptoms of asbestos-related disease today.

Asbestos is a serious threat to one's health because it can cause severe forms of lung disease. One form of disease and the topic of this pamphlet is asbestosis. Asbestosis is a fibrosis or scarring of the lung tissue. The lung is made of a delicate tissue which allows the blood to pick up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide. As can be imagined, scarring of the lung tissue decreases the ability of the lung to exchange these gases. Second, one's chances of developing a tumor or cancer of the lung is five times greater than normal if exposed to asbestos. If the lung is also subjected to the deleterious effects of smoking on top of the asbestos exposure, one's chance of developing cancer is about 55 times greater than normal.

Asbestosis Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of asbestosis can show up many years after the asbestos exposure has ended. Manifestations rarely occur less than 10 years following first exposure and are more common after 20 years or more.

Asbestosis Symptoms (what a patient with asbestosis will experience)

• Shortness of breath.
• Asbestosis has been called a monosymptomatic disease because the earliest, most consistently reported, and most distressing symptom is shortness of breath.
• Occurs with heavy effort and then progressively diminishing levels of effort as the disease becomes worse.
• Persistent and productive cough.
• Almost as common as the shortness of breath.
• Often occurs with distressing spasms.

Other Asbestosis Symptoms Include:

• Chest tightness, Chest pain, General ill feeling, Fitful sleep, Hemoptysis, Appetite loss.

Asbestosis Signs (what your doctor will look for with asbestosis) :

• Basal crackles or rales. When a stethoscope is used to listen to the lower lungs , you can hear what sounds like Velcro opening up.
• An early distinctive feature of asbestosis.
• Usually heard first over the basal regions.
• Persistent (unaffected by coughing)
• Precise timing (at first, mid to late inspiration and eventually during most of inspiration)
• High pitched quality.
• Small irregular opacities on X-ray ( Looks like ground glass ).
• Obscures normal lung vasculature.
• Usually first seen in the lower lateral lobes in between the rib shadows.
• Borders of the heart, particularly the left side may be obscured.
• Pulmonary function tests usually show restrictive disease but can also show obstructive and mixed disorders. This means that your lungs will lose the ability to breathe .
• Reduced diffusion capacity.
• Reduce lung volumes and capacities
• Reduced flow rates.

• Clubbing of fingers and toes. Swelling of the fingers and toes due to excess blood accumulating there.

What are the Clinical Signs of Asbestosis?

Clinical presentation of this disease may include the following:

• Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
     -rarely occurs before a decade of exposure
     -appears first only upon exertion and subsequently occurs at rest
• Dry cough
     -dry and troublesome cough, perhaps associated with chest pain
• X-Ray changes
     -generally beginning with irregular opacities at the bases of the lungs,     perhaps extending into the upper zones gradually
• Pulmonary function deficiencies
     -typically a pulmonary function test reveals a restrictive lung disease     pattern
     -there may be a pulmonary function loss before x-ray changes     become evident

• Other more advanced symptoms of this disease include clubbing of the fingers (increased thickness of the digits and curvature of the nails) and cor pulmonale. Medical monitoring for radiologic changes is key, as persons with asbestosis have an increased risk of developing a malignancy

None of these symptoms are specific. Something as benign as the common cold could also give you these symptoms. Keep in mind that asbestosis is a chronic progressive disease meaning that once these symptoms start, they generally do not get better. Fortunately, the disease progresses slowly giving your doctor time to catch it.

Asbestosis Treatment and Prevention

Unfortunately, there currently is no cure for asbestosis. The treatment involves preventing further complications of the disease and treating its symptoms.

Asbestosis Prevention

A patient with asbestosis must first prevent any further contact with asbestos and if they are a smoker they should be advised to quit.

The asbestosis patient should receive aggressive medical care for any respiratory infection, with frequent use of antibiotics when warranted. Vaccinations for the flu and pnuemococcus should be kept up to date. They should also participate in respiratory therapies such as bronchial drainage or the use of an ultrasonic mist humidifier that assist in the clearing of secretions from the lungs. Patients should avoid situations that may expose them to respiratory infections such as large crowds. These steps should help to avoid the complications of serious lung infections. Finally, the asbestosis patient should undergo regular chest x-rays to screen for cancers associated with asbestosis.

Asbestosis Symptomatic Treatment

Shortness of breath is treated with bronchodilators that open up the bronchial tubes and allow passage of air. The patient may also receive supplemental oxygen. Respiratory treatments that remove secretions from the lung through postural drainage may also be used.

Productive cough is treated with humidifiers, breathing therapies and chest percussion. These therapies loosen and thin out bronchial secretions allowing them to be expelled by the cough. Chest pain can be treated with normal over the counter drugs such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

Asbestosis Prognosis

Once asbestosis has been established by findings on chest X-ray, regression of the disease is rare. The disease may remain unchanged, but it is generally slowly progressive due to accumulating damage caused by asbestos fibers in the lung. Rapid progression after the onset of symptoms is rare. Evidence of progression as seen on chest X-ray may require comparison of chest X-rays taken as many as 4-6 years apart.
There are several factors that determine progression, including the level and duration of exposure to asbestos, cumulative exposure, the type of asbestos fiber, and according to some studies, the status of the chest X-ray at the time of diagnosis. Progression will occur even in the absence of further exposure to asbestos, and it will likely be accelerated in the face of continued exposure.

As the disease progresses, the individual's shortness of breath becomes more pronounced. The shortness of breath initially experienced during heavy effort will be produced by lower levels of effort. It will eventually interfere with the ability to carry out everyday activities, and the individual may require oxygen. The end result of progression is failure of the lungs and eventual heart failure, resulting from the stress being placed on the heart.

Increased risk of infection may be a complication of asbestosis, although tuberculosis is uncommon. Individuals with asbestosis are at a considerably increased risk for developing lung cancer and other cancers associated with asbestos exposure, including Asbestosis and bronchogenic carcinoma.

There are certain measures a patient can take to slow the progression of the disease and prolong life. As mentioned previously, one way is to avoid further exposure to asbestos. Another thing is to stop smoking. Smoking may increase the rate of disease progression, and it definitely increases the risk of developing lung cancer.

Severe asbestosis is becoming a less common cause of death. More people are dying of other causes before their asbestosis progresses beyond the mild to moderate stage.

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